ENTANGLEMENT IN THE VEDAS (संयोगः).
-Basudeba Mishra
Since EPR thought experiment a century ago, there is much confusion about entanglement in modern physics. It is used in a very narrow sense. It is NOT “spooky action at a distance”, as Einstein said. Neither does it an exclusively quantum phenomenon nor does it last infinitely. The same laws of physics govern both the macro and the micro world (यत् ब्रह्माण्डे तत् पिण्डे). Entanglement is a basic property of every solid and liquid in the universe (not only quantum particles), as well as time (entangled as past-present-future) and coordinates (entangled as x, y, z). Along with disentanglement (विभागः), it is responsible for all chemical reactions (“तथा भवतीति सापेक्षेभ्यो निरपेक्षेभ्यश्च” इति प्रशस्तपादभाष्ये संयोगनिरूपणे).
Entanglement requires at least a pair to share spatial proximity (अविरलदेशत्व) and interacting with or without exchange of energy in such a way that, the description of the state of one particle depends on the state of the other. It is a form of coupling that connects two objects (like the two ends of a rubber string). Also conjugate parts of one object (like the hands or legs of the body or a laser beam fired through a certain type of crystal to cause individual photons to be split into pairs of entangled photons), or the relation between two conjugate objects (like a pair of shoes or socks or gloves).
Entanglement (संयोगः – coupling, bond) of the quarks and gluons in different combinations creates all matter. The inertia caused by the coupling of the Consciousness and mind leads to intelligence (आत्ममनसोःसंयोगविशेषात् संस्काराच्च – कणादसूत्रम् 9-2-6). Coupling of the space beyond (longitudinal waves that move the adjacent coordinate point) leads to propagation of sound waves. Etc.
It all began in 1920’s with the failure of physicists to explain quantum phenomena using macro physics. A misinterpretation of Heisenberg’s equation led Einstein to say: “God does not play dice”. Position implies fixed coordinates in a frame of reference, where momentum is zero. Momentum implies mobile coordinates in a frame of reference, where position is zero. Thus, if one has nonzero values, the other will have zero value. Multiplying both will lead to zero result, as one of the two factors will always be zero. Thus, Heisenberg’s equation is mathematically wrong, though uncertainty is inherent in nature. It is our inability to consider/know and regulate ALL effects or factors that affect the probable outcome of any operation or measurement (कर्मण्येवाधिरारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन). This is in conformity with the Schrodinger equation, which implies: everything is random at the most basic level and order rises upon randomness – not vice versa.
Schrodinger first expressed energy in both wave and particle forms and then combined them together due to energy conservation. Schrodinger’s equation showed the implications for some entity that was behaving like a particle, but also had the wave properties inherent in it – the wavefunction that exhibited some uncertainty regarding their particle properties. If there are multiple wave sources, all the waves are added up and then squared to get the combined intensities. This is the “superposition” principle. But nothing behaves as a particle AND a wave at the same time. They have totally different properties. Waves involve the transport of energy without the transport of matter. It only passes the momentum. Particles have mass. Often a tiny particle with high energy, moves in waves due to the same principle as sound waves (see the Vedic equation for sound – शब्दः – तत्र शकार बिन्दूः बकार वातः दकार अग्निः विसर्गश्चाकाशः । बिन्दुवातग्न्यम्बराणां तस्मात् साङ्केतिकाः स्मृताः – नामार्थकल्पसूत्रम्).
Schrodinger’s equation also talks of negative probabilities that do not always add up but can also be negative. If the probability of the Schrodinger’s cat being alive is 100% and that of it being dead is 100%, the probability of it either living or dead can be zero. But if the probability of living is say 70%, then the probability of it being dead can be calculated. That is one type of entanglement.
Consider two waves coming from different directions in a sea front. We could clearly see them. They merge and become entangled. Thereafter, though they were at two places earlier, we can’t distinguish their position separately. Our inability to know the different components of such entanglement is called superposition (something observed earlier, which is not distinctly observable now – अध्यास – स्मृतिरूपः परत्र पूर्बदृष्टावभास). It doesn’t mean something existing at two places at the same time (though it may appear so) – it is impossible due to the following reason.
Measurement is a process of comparison of similars at here-now, with some fixed information called the unit. Observation is the perception of the result of measurement (it is possible only with a sentient being). The object to be measured is scaled up or down with the unit to get a scalar quantity that reports the prevailing state of something at any given moment only and does not interact or interfere with the time evolution of the particles. Hence measurement does not affect the entanglement or superposition or determine the outcome (it only give information about the present state at a given time), as local conditions are not affected. Similarly, superposition doesn’t mean both dead and alive at the same time till the observer finds it out. It is either dead or alive at a given time. There is nothing like “collapse”. Scientists are fooling around with such fictions for over a century.
Measurement is a process of comparison of similars at here-now, with some fixed information called the unit. Observation is the perception of the result of measurement (it is possible only with a sentient being).
(to be continued)
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